人工智能將顛覆傳統(tǒng)農業(yè),你準備好了嗎(中英雙語)

人工智能正在顛覆農業(yè)領域。這并不是夸大其詞，我們所熟知的農業(yè)正在被重新定義。一聽到農業(yè)，大部分人腦海里浮現的是這樣的場景：隔壁農民老王穿著工作服開著他的拖拉機在廣袤的田地上突突地轉圈。但是，這種場景我們的孫子輩可能看不到了。

Artificial intelligence is disrupting agriculture. This is not an exaggeration, and the agriculture as we know it is being redefined. Hearing agriculture, most people think of a scene where Lao Wang, a farmer next door, drives his tractor around a vast field. But it may not be seen to our grandchildren.

過去十年里，室內種植技術取得長足進展，室內農業(yè)的發(fā)展前景越加清晰可見，它正變得越來越受歡迎。之所以會產生在室內進行耕作這種想法，最主要的原因就是想要加強控制。

In the past decade, indoor planting technology has made great progress, and the future of indoor agriculture is more visible, it is becoming more and more popular. The main reason for the idea of farming indoors is to strengthen control.

通過室內農業(yè)，農作物的生長環(huán)境可以得到充分的掌握。只要有錢，任何因素都可以控制：光線、溫度、二氧化碳濃度、肥料、水、通風等等。這種控制會帶來顯而易見的好處，比如農作物產量提升、成熟速度加快、耗水量減少，凡此種種在一小塊土地上就都可以實現了。

Through indoor agriculture, the growth environment of crops can be fully grasped. As long as there is money, any factor can be controlled: light, temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, fertilizer, water, ventilation and so on. Such controls can bring obvious benefits, such as higher crop yields, faster ripening, and less water consumption, which can be achieved on a small piece of land.

人工智能如何振興農業(yè)?

How does AI revitalize agriculture?

人工智能通過利用實時數據，采用一系列方法優(yōu)化農作物生長，以此改良農業(yè)。如前所述，室內農業(yè)可以通過監(jiān)測各種因素來掌控農作物的生長環(huán)境。

Artificial intelligence improves agriculture by using real-time data and using a series of methods to optimize crop growth. As mentioned earlier, indoor agriculture can control the growth environment of crops by monitoring various factors.

舉個例子，Bowery Farming公司測量了一系列數據，包括“光譜、光周期(晝/夜循環(huán))、光照度、灌溉計劃、肥料、通風、溫度、濕度以及二氧化碳濃度”。接著，他們通過機器學習算法對這些數據進行處理，制定出合理的干預程序。

For example, Bowery Farming measured a range of data, including "spectrum, photoperiod (day / night cycle), illumination, irrigation plans, fertilizer, ventilation, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration."Next, they processed the data through machine learning algorithms to develop reasonable intervention procedures.

通過反復實踐和訓練，當控制系統(tǒng)儲存了足夠多的數據庫，就會變得比人類還“聰明”。該系統(tǒng)能夠通過葉子的顏色來檢測植物的健康狀況。一旦識別出問題，就會立即開始應對。這里具體的問題是什么不是很清楚，但可以先假設問題在于缺乏光照。那么，人工智能就會增加這盤芝麻菜的光照時長。請注意這里的說法，增加的是特定的某一盤作物的光照時長。沒錯，人工智能可以做到對每一株作物和每一托盤植株進行個性化照料。

Through repeated practice and training, when the control system stores enough databases, it becomes "smarter" than humans. The system is able to detect plant health by the color of the leaves. Once a problem is identified, the response begins immediately. What is the specific problem here is not very clear, but one can first assume that the problem is the lack of light exposure. AI, then, will increase the light duration of this arugula. Note the statement here that the addition is the length of light for a particular crop. Yes, AI can personalize the care of every crop and every pallet.

這真的太神奇了。實際上，我們可以實現將數千種作物種植在同一片土地上，并且同時分別給予特殊照顧，使得每一種作物都能夠蓬勃生長。

This is really amazing. In fact, we can grow thousands of crops on the same land, and give them special care separately at the same time, so that each crop can flourish.

實現這樣的操作依靠的是人工智能的一個技術分支——機器學習。室內農業(yè)的大機器從每個種植周期中收集大量的測量數據。然后，機器學習算法對這些數據進行處理，從中學習以實現下一個生長周期的優(yōu)秀優(yōu)化。每一次種下一株植物時，一次生長流程追蹤就開始了。

Such an operation depends on —— machine learning, a technical branch of artificial intelligence. Large machines for indoor agriculture collect large amounts of measurements from each planting cycle. Machine learning algorithms then process these data, learning from it to achieve excellent optimization for the next growth cycle. Each time a plant is planted, a growth process trace begins.

最終，這些記錄匯總成種植某種作物的一份“秘方”。這張秘方之后可以用于該種作物的種植，勾畫出合理的生長軌跡，以實現優(yōu)秀的收成。

Eventually, the records are aggregated into a "secret recipe" for growing a certain crop. This secret recipe can then be used to grow the crop, sketching out a reasonable growth trajectory to achieve a good harvest.

有了這些數據，我們不僅可以知道種植一株植物的用水量，還可以知道何時澆水合適。其他指標也是同樣的道理。這些就夠讓人興奮，但它能做到的還遠遠不止這些!

With these data, we can not only know how much water is used to grow a plant, but also when to water it properly. The same goes for other indicators. That's exciting enough, but it's much more than that!

這些秘方會不斷進行自我完善，以高效的方式使每種作物達到最優(yōu)風味。通過對生長過程中的每一個因素做出細微的調整，從而找到合適的生長模式。甚至針對同一種作物的每一個托盤，其具體影響因子也可以調整。也就是說，生產一旦開始，成千上萬場提高產量的試驗也就開始了。而最妙的地方是，這些實驗不會帶來額外的生產成本。

These secret recipes will continue to improve themselves to achieve the optimal flavor of each crop in an efficient way. Find the appropriate growth pattern by making subtle adjustments to each factor in the growth process. Even for each tray of the same crop, the specific impact factor can be adjusted. In other words, once production begins, thousands of thousands of trials to increase production will begin. The best part is that these experiments bring in no additional production costs.

最后，當作物到了豐收的時候，完成所有種植并進行科學測驗的這套系統(tǒng)也會通知工作人員，告訴他們哪些托盤的作物應該收割了。從種植到收割，人工智能改良了整個農業(yè)生產流程。人工智能為室內農業(yè)提供了一套自動化管理系統(tǒng)，有了這套系統(tǒng)，種植越多，了解就越深入。

Finally, when the crop reaches a good harvest, the system, which completes all the planting and conducts scientific tests, also informs the staff about which trays of crops should be harvested. From planting to harvesting, AI improves the entire agricultural production process. Artificial intelligence provides an automated management system for indoor agriculture, with which the more you plant, the deeper you understand.

未來的影響

Impact of the future

現在，人工智能對室內農業(yè)的影響在商業(yè)和消費領域已經顯現出來了。大部分室內農業(yè)公司的背后都有大型企業(yè)的支撐。

Now, the impact of AI on indoor agriculture is already visible in both the commercial and consumer areas. Most indoor agricultural companies are backed by large enterprises.

為了實現在最短的時間內將食品送上門，公司需要配套相應的基礎設施。室內農業(yè)就提供了這樣的基礎設施，可以實現在任何地點耕作，并且在最短時間內產出。實現室內農業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略性選址，就可以打破運輸帶來的瓶頸，同時提高產品新鮮度。

In order to deliver the food to the door in the shortest possible time, the company needs to support the corresponding infrastructure. Indoor agriculture provides such infrastructure that can be cultivated in any place and produced in the shortest time. Realizing the strategic site selection of indoor agriculture can break the bottleneck brought by transportation and improve the freshness of products.

此外，消費者對有機食物的需求是一個商機。室內農業(yè)就是有機的，生長環(huán)境得到控制，也就不需要農藥了。

In addition, consumer demand for organic food is a business opportunity. Indoor agriculture is organic, the growth environment is controlled, also do not need pesticides.

一些公司正致力于將有機農業(yè)帶到消費者家中。Seedo就是這樣一家公司。他們有一種小型的設備，長得像一個迷你冰箱，可以種植任何東西。這個設備帶有一個集成式應用程序，只要輸入正在種植的作物類型，剩下的就都可以交給設備了。它會在可以收獲的時候發(fā)出提醒，也可以通過內置攝像機，實現對作物隨時隨地的監(jiān)測。

Some companies are working on bringing organic farming to consumers' homes. Seedo is one such company. They have a small device that looks like a mini refrigerator and can plant anything. The device comes with an integrated application, leaving the rest of the type of crop being planted. It reminds them when they can be harvested, or it can use built-in cameras to monitor crops anytime, anywhere.

諸如此類的創(chuàng)新可能會就此改變我們的生活，人工智能和室內農業(yè)在解決糧食短缺問題乃至將糧食帶到發(fā)展中國家等方面起到至關重要的作用。盡管這些地區(qū)的限制主要在于能源消耗和基礎設施，但是低成本的溫室水培作業(yè)同樣可以解決問題，可以借助先進人工智能預先安裝的樹莓派(raspberry pi)。

Such innovations as this could change our lives, and AI and indoor agriculture could play a crucial role in addressing food shortages and even bringing food to developing countries. Although the limitations in these areas are mainly energy consumption and infrastructure, low-cost greenhouse hydroponic operations can also solve the problem, with advanced AI pre-installed Raspberry PI (raspberry pi).

布雷特·布萊恩說：“農業(yè)是希望之業(yè)?！边@句話原本的含義是在形容傳統(tǒng)的種植過程中，種下種子企盼一年好收成的情形。筆者認為，人工智能和室內農業(yè)也可以被視為希望之業(yè)。農業(yè)與技術的新結合讓我感到滿懷希望，希望有一天每個人都能獲得穩(wěn)定持續(xù)的食物來源。

Brett Bryan said: " Agriculture is a business of hope."The original meaning is to describe the traditional process of planting, seeds planted for a good harvest. The author thinks that artificial intelligence and indoor agriculture can also be regarded as the hope industry. The new combination of agriculture and technology makes me feel hopeful that one day everyone will get a steady and continuous food source.

新農人需要更多的知識，掌握AI相關應用技術是第一要務，否則我們將沒有“資格”作新農人

New farmers need more knowledge, and mastering AI-related application technology is the first priority, otherwise we will not be "qualified" to be new farmers

2022年7月，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳、國家鄉(xiāng)村振興局綜合司、國家開發(fā)銀行辦公室、中國農業(yè)發(fā)展銀行辦公室發(fā)布《關于推進政策性開發(fā)性金融支持農業(yè)農村基礎設施建設的通知》，提出政策性、開發(fā)性金融機構要在符合國家法規(guī)和信貸政策的前提下，優(yōu)先安排信貸規(guī)模，為農業(yè)農村基礎設施項目提供更多長周期、低成本貸款。在該文件中明確的七大重點領域中，現代設施農業(yè)占據一席之地。

In July 2022, agricultural NongCunBu general office, the office of the bureau, China development bank office of the policy developmental financial support agricultural rural infrastructure construction notice, put forward policy, developmental financial institutions should be in accordance with the premise of national regulations and credit policy, priority arrangement credit scale, for agricultural rural infrastructure projects to provide more long cycle, low-cost loans. Among the seven key areas identified in the document, modern facilityculture occupies a place.

2023年3月，農業(yè)農村部辦公廳、中國農業(yè)銀行辦公室印發(fā)《金融助力畜牧業(yè)高質量發(fā)展工作方案》，提出支持發(fā)展設施化規(guī)?；B(yǎng)殖，加大對畜禽規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖場中長期貸款、固定資產貸款等支持力度；大力拓寬抵質押品范圍，將土地經營權、養(yǎng)殖圈舍、大型養(yǎng)殖機械、畜禽活體納入可接受押品范圍。

Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the Office of the Agricultural Bank of China issued the Work Plan for Finance for High-quality Development of Animal Husbandry, proposing to support the development of large-scale breeding and increase the support for medium and long-term loans and fixed asset loans for livestock and poultry farms; greatly expand the scope of collateral, and include land management rights, breeding housing, large-scale breeding machinery and live livestock and poultry into the scope of acceptable collateral.

從各地的實踐來看，多家銀行機構推出了“大棚貸”“農機貸”等信貸產品，有效解決農戶發(fā)展設施農業(yè)的資金問題；非銀金融機構利用融資租賃等模式，服務大型農機銷售、租賃企業(yè)，在支持機械化方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。針對農業(yè)科技研發(fā)和成果轉化，各地利用知識產權質押貸款、政府引導基金、風險共擔機制，有效拓寬金融服務渠道，增強金融機構的工作主動性和積極性。

launched credit products such as "greenhouse loan" and "agricultural machinery loan" to effectively solve the capital problem of farmers to develop facility agriculture; non-bank financial institutions serve large agricultural machinery sales and leasing enterprises, and play an important role in supporting mechanization. In view of the research and development of agricultural science and technology and the transformation of achievements, local governments have made use of intellectual property pledge loans, government guidance funds and risk-sharing mechanisms toeffectively expand financial service channels and enhance the work initiative and enthusiasm of financial institutions.

據估算，未來5到10年，僅高標準農田、設施農業(yè)等投資需求有近15萬億元，但現有金融產品在針對性和多樣性方面還有短板。面對不斷增加的資金需求，如何創(chuàng)新金融產品和服務、助力設施農業(yè)由機械化向數智化轉軌，仍需金融機構更進一步探索。

It is estimated that in the next five to 10 years, only the investment demand for high-standard farmland and facility agriculture will reach nearly 15 trillion yuan, but the existing financial products still have shortcomings in terms of pertinence and diversity. In the face of the increasing demand for funds, financial institutions still need to further explore how to innovate financial products and services and help the transformation of facility agriculture from mechanization to digital intelligence.

智能農業(yè)將是一個知識密集型產業(yè)，對從業(yè)者的要求很高。這種情況下的新農人，僅有農業(yè)相關專業(yè)知識顯然是不夠的；必須要同時掌握“植物工廠”技術，與商超對接……。種田會變得很輕松，但對知識的要求也會很高；種田的職業(yè)讓人羨慕，但僅有“十年寒窗”苦讀顯然不夠；如果有志成為這樣的新農人，應該現在就努力！為實現目標，加油吧?。?/span>

Smart agriculture will be a knowledge-intensive industry, with high requirements for practitioners. In this case, new farmers are not enough for agriculture; they must simultaneously master "plant factory" technology and connect with the supermarket..... Farming will become very easy, but the requirement for knowledge will be high, but only "ten years cold window" hard study is not enough; if aspiring to become such a new farmer, should work hard now! To achieve the goal, come on!!